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Design, Development, and Optimization of Sterculia Gum-Based Tablet Coated with Chitosan/Eudragit RLPO Mixed Blend Polymers for Possible Colonic Drug Delivery
Bipul Nath,Lila Kanta Nath
Journal of Pharmaceutics , 2013, DOI: 10.1155/2013/546324
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the possible applicability of Sterculia urens gum as a novel carrier for colonic delivery system of a sparingly soluble drug, azathioprine. The study involves designing a microflora triggered colon-targeted drug delivery system (MCDDS) which consists of a central polysaccharide core and is coated to different film thicknesses with blends of chitosan/Eudragit RLPO, and is overcoated with Eudragit L00 to provide acid and intestinal resistance. The microflora degradation property of gum was investigated in rat caecal medium. Drug release study in simulated colonic fluid revealed that swelling force of the gum could concurrently drive the drug out of the polysaccharide core due to the rupture of the chitosan/Eudargit coating in microflora-activated environment. Chitosan in the mixed film coat was found to be degraded by enzymatic action of the microflora in the colon. Release kinetic data revealed that the optimized MCDDS was fitted well into first-order model, and apparent lag time was found to be 6 hours, followed by Higuchi release kinetics. In vivo study in rabbits shows delayed , prolonged absorption time, decreased , and absorption rate constant (Ka), indicating a reduced systemic toxicity of the drug as compared to other dosage forms. 1. Introduction In the recent times, colon-specific technologies have utilized single or combination of the following primary approaches, with varying degrees of success: (1) pH-dependent systems, (2) time-dependent systems, (3) prodrugs, and (4) colonic microflora-activated systems [1, 2]. Among the different approaches to achieve colon specific drug delivery system, the use of polymers specifically degraded by colonic bacterial enzymes (such as β-glucoronidase, β-xylosidase, β-galactosidase, and azoreductase) holds promise. Microbially activated delivery systems for colon targeting are being developed to exploit the potential of the specific nature of diverse and luxuriant microbiota associated with the colon compared to other parts of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These colonic microbiotas produce a large number of hydrolytic and reductive enzymes which can potentially be utilized for colonic delivery [1, 2]. Most of these systems are based on the fact that anaerobic bacteria in the colon are able to recognize the various substrates and degrade them with their enzymes. Natural gums are often preferred to synthetic materials due to their low-toxicity, low-cost, and easy availability. A number of colon-targeted delivery systems based both on combination of pH, polysaccharides
Evaluation of Sterculiaurens Gum As Novel Carrier For Oral Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System - Evaluation of Sterculiaurens Gum As Novel Carrier For Oral Colon Targeted Drug Delivery System - Open Access Pub
Bipul Nath,Lila Kanta Nath
- , 2018,
Abstract: The purpose of the research is to evaluate Sterculiaurens gum as a carrier for oral colon targeted drug delivery system. Sterculia gum has been reported to have wide pharmaceutical applications such as tablet binder, disintegrant, gelling agent and as a controlled release polymer, but it has not been exploited as colon targeting carrier. For evaluation as a carrier for colonic delivery of drugs characterization of gum was done. Microflora degradation studies of gum were conducted in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) pH 7.4 containing rat caecal content under anaerobic environment. Solubility, swelling index, viscosity and pH of the polymer solution were determined. Different formulation aspects considered were: gum concentration (10–40%), concentration of citric acid (10–30 %) on swelling index and in-vitro drug release. The results of the isothermal stress testing (IST) shows no degradation of samples of model drug, azathioprine, in the drug polymer mixture and the core tablet excipients. DSC and FT-IR study has proved the compatibility of the drug with Sterculia gum and other tablet excipients. Microflora degradation study revealed that Sterculia gum can be used as tablet excipient for drug release in the colonic region by utilizing the action of enterobacteria. Sterculia gum exhibits premature drug release in the upper GIT without enteric coating and may not reach to the colonic region. From the study, Sterculia gum as colon targeting carrier is possible via coating with chitosan/Eudragit mixed blend polymers which would provide acid as well as intestinal resistance; but undergo enzymatic degradation once it reaches the colon. DOI10.14302/issn.2328-0182.japst-12-119 In the recent times, technologies for development of colon targeted drug delivery system have utilized one or two (in combination) of the following primary approaches, with varying degrees of success: (1) pH-dependent systems, (2) time-dependent systems, (3) pro-drugs, and (4) colonic microflora-activated systems 1, 2. Among the different approaches utilized to achieve colon specific drug delivery system, the use of polymers specifically degraded by colonic bacterial enzymes (such as β-glucoronidase, β-xylosidase, β-galactosidase, azoreductase etc.) holds promise 3, 4.Most of these systems are based on the fact that anaerobic bacteria in the colon are able to recognize the various substrates and degrade them with their enzymes 5. Natural gums are often preferred to synthetic materials due to their low-toxicity, low-cost, and easy availability. A number of colon-targeted delivery systems
Response Of Cauliflower To Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizer And Graded Levels Of Nitrogen
Lila Nath Bashyal
Journal of Agriculture and Environment , 2011, DOI: 10.3126/aej.v12i0.7562
Abstract: A field experiment was carried out at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during September, 2007 to February, 2008 to assess the response of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis cv. Kathmandu Local) to biofertilizer containing free living nitrogen fixing bacteria Azospirillum and Azotobacter and different levels of nitrogen. The experiment was laid out in factorial Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of 10 treatments (nitrogen 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha–1 alone and in combinations of 2 kg of the nitrogen fixing biofertilizer) arranged in 5 × 2 complete factorial with 3 replications. Application of nitrogen along with the biofertilizer significantly increased morphological, yield and quality characters as compared to application of nitrogen without biofertilizer. The maximum stem height, stem diameter, highest curd height, curd diameter, fresh curd weight and curd yield were recorded at 120 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1. Cauliflower curd yield obtained at 120 kg nitrogen ha–1 did not significantly differ with the curd yield recorded at 60 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1. The earliest days to curd initiation and maturity were recorded at 30 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1. The highest vitamin C content of curds and the most attractive curd color were recorded at 60 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1, while the appearance and over all acceptability were recorded at 120 kg nitrogen and 2 kg biofertilizer ha–1. The finding demonstrated a saving of 60 kg nitrogen ha–1 without significantly affecting yield.
Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Evaluation of Cross-Linked Carboxymethylated Sago Starch as Superdisintegrant  [PDF]
Akhilesh V. Singh, Lila K. Nath, Manisha Guha, Rakesh Kumar
Pharmacology & Pharmacy (PP) , 2011, DOI: 10.4236/pp.2011.21005
Abstract: The aim of this study was to modify the sago starch and evaluate its efficacy as tablet disintegrant. Cross-linked car-boxymethylated sago starch (CMSS) was synthesized using native sago starch (SS) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA) with sodium hydroxide in microwave radiation environment. FT-IR analysis of the sample confirmed the carboxy-methylation by showing absorption peak at 1607.2 cm-1. CMSS with degree of substitution (DS) of 0.31 was formed and, it was further evaluated as disintegrant in Ondasetron based tablets. The results revealed that CMSS could be used as disintegrant in tablet formulation in concentration dependant manner.
Antileukemic activity of the leaf extract of Bischofia javanica blume on human leukemic cell lines
Lingadurai Sutharson,Roy Soma,Joseph Rajan,Nath Lila
Indian Journal of Pharmacology , 2011,
Abstract: Objective : Leaves of Bichofia javanica (BJ) have been traditionally used for many ailments including cancer. In the present study, antileukemic activity of the leaf extract was evaluated on human leukemic cell lines. Materials and Methods : Human leukemic cell lines U937, K562, and HL60 were purchased from National Facility for Animal Tissue and Cell Culture, Pune, India. The cells were routinely maintained in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal calf serum. Cultures were maintained at 37oC in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO 2 in air. The methanol extract of BJ (MEBJ) was dissolved in PBS and used at the concentrations of 5, 10, and 15 μg/ml for cell viability and cytotoxicity studies (MTT assay). Cell counts were made in quadruplicate samples at the interval of 24, 48, and 72 h and cytarabine (20 μg/ml) served as standard drug. The apoptotic pathway of cytotoxicity was assessed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis technique and confirmed by fluorescence and confocal microscopic methods at the concentration of 10 μg/ml. Results : MEBJ showed significant cytotoxicity (P<0.001) in leukemic cell lines in the in-vitro cell proliferation assay. IC 50 of MEBJ was very low (3.5 μg/ml) at 72 h in the HL60 cell line. The apoptotic pathway of cytotoxicity was observed at 10 μg/ml of MEBJ by the fragmented DNA pattern in the apoptosis assay, chromatin condensation, and apoptotic body formation as revealed in the fluorescence and confocal microscopic studies. Conclusion : The present findings support the ethno-medicinal use of BJ for cancer by mediating through the apoptosis pathway.
Ispitivanje kompatibilnosti nateglinida s pomo？nim tvarima u razvoju tableta nateglinida za trenutno osloba？anje
ACHARYA, SUJATA,NATH, LILA KANTA,PANI, NIHAR RANJAN
- , 2011, DOI: 10.2478/v10007-011-0016-4
Abstract: Sa？etak Koriste？i termi？ke metode kao ？to su diferencijalna pretra？na kalorimetrija (DSC) i infra-crvena spektrofotometrija (IR), te izotermi？ka stres-testiranja (IST) ispitana je kompatibilnost nateglinida s izabranim ekscipiensima u razvoju tableta nateglinida za trenutno osloba？anje. Rezultati DSC ispitivanja pokazala su da magnezijev stearat stupa u odre？enu interakciju s nateglinidom. Me？utim, IR i IST ispitivanja pokazuju da su svi upotrijebljeni ekscipiensi kompatibilni s nateglinidom. Optimirana formulacija bila je stabilna preko 3 mjeseca u testovima ubrzanog starenja (40 ± 2 ？C i 75 ± 5 % RH). Kompatibilnost ekscipiensa s nateglinidom uspje？no je evaluirana koriste？i kombinaciju termi？ke i IST metode, a formulacije razvijene koriste？i kompatibilne ekscipiense bile su stabilne
Formulation and in vitro evaluation of metformin hydrochloride loaded microspheres prepared with polysaccharide extracted from natural sources
LAHKAR, SUNITA,NATH, LILA KANTA,SHARMA, HEMANTA KUMAR
- , 2013, DOI: 10.2478/acph-2013-0019
Abstract: Sa？etak The present work envisages utilisation of biodegradable and biocompatible material from natural sources for the development of controlled release microspheres of metformin hydrochloride (MetH). Natural polysaccharides extracted from Dillenia indica L. (DI), Abelmoschus esculentus L. (AE) and Bora rice flour were used in fabricating controlled release microspheres. The microspheres were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion technique with different proportions of natural materials and were studied for entrapment efficiency, particle size, particle shape, surface morphology, drug excipient compatibility, mucoadhesivity and in vitro release properties. The prepared microspheres showed mucoadhesive properties and controlled release of metformin hydrochloride. The study has revealed that natural materials can be used for formulation of controlled release microspheres and will provide ample opportunities for further study
Analysis of Dynamics of Boundary Shape Perturbation of a Rotating Elastoplastic Radially Inhomogeneous Plane Circular Disk: Analytical Approach  [PDF]
Dmytro М. Lila, А. А. Martynyuk
Applied Mathematics (AM) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/am.2012.35068
Abstract: For a rotating inhomogeneous circular disk a way of calculating dynamics of boundary shape perturbation and failure of bearing capacity is proposed in terms of small parameter method. Characteristic equation of plastic zone critical radius is obtained as a first approximation. A formula of critical angular velocity is derived which determines the stability loss of the disc according to the self-balanced form. Efficiency of the proposed method is shown by an illustrative example considered in Section 7. Values of critical angular velocity of rotation are found numerically for different parameters of the disc.
Aspectos afetivos da justi？a e injusti？a e assimetrias entre temas
Spadoni, Lila;
Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa , 2011, DOI: 10.1590/S0102-37722011000200017
Abstract: this article addresses the affective aspects of social representations organized into themes to show that the opposition between justice and injustice has an organization marked by symmetric and asymmetric aspects. two hypotheses were tested which are based on the structural perspective of social representations. the first hypothesis states that this couple of representations has anchored the emotions in a symmetrical organized way. the second one states that injustice has its organization marked by a more intense affectivity than justice. the data obtained by a quasi-experimental design with undergraduate psychology students of an university in paris confirm the two hypotheses.
Satire et procès de l’échec dans la littérature issue de l’immigration algérienne
Lila Medjahed
Synergies Algerie , 2011,
Abstract: De nombreux écrits romanesques d’écrivains issus de l’immigration maghrébine ont construit une scénographie satirique subtile pour revendiquer leurs droits politiques et socioculturels, tout en créant une littérature singulière qui se démarque des uvres littéraires fran aises. Autrement dit, il s’agit d’une situation d’énonciation littéraire qui exploite les procédés stylistiques et thématiques de la satire comme mode de représentation qui fustige par le rire les travers des membres de la communauté d’origine. Les narrateurs dressent un procès comique tout en étant sévère des défauts, des abus et de l’échec d’intégration à travers une écriture autobiographique poignante et satirique
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